前言

这是李东风开设《统计软件》等课程的讲义，也可以用作《数据科学》的入门教材。本书使用了其它教材的例子和讲法，仅供学生内部使用，不是公开出版图书。鉴于本人水平有限，错漏之处难免，欢迎指出错误或提出改进意见。

尽管本书中包含假设检验、回归分析等统计方法内容，但是侧重点是这些方法的使用，不能当作统计学的入门教材使用。

相关下载：

Rbook-data.zip：一些配套数据的打包文件
bookdown-template-v0-6.zip：R Markdown和bookdown的模板

网页版的书中数学公式使用MathJax库显示，下面是数学公式测试。如果数学公式显示不正常，在浏览器中用鼠标右键单击公式，在弹出的菜单中选择Math Settings--Math Renderer选HTML-CSS或SVG即可。

公式测试： \[ f(x) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{x^k}{k!} \]

中文公式测试： \[ \text{相对误差} = \frac{a - A}{A} \]

使用本教程必须安装的软件包：

tidyverse
bookdown
xtable
bench

本教程中用到的软件包列表（更新R软件后可以在一个基本R中运行如下命令）：

pkgs <- c(
  "assertthat", 
  "backports", "base64enc", "BH", "bindr", "bindrcpp", "bookdown", "broom", 
  "callr", "car", "cellranger", "cli", "clipr", "clorspace", 
  "cowplot", "crayon", "curl", 
  "DBI", "dbplyr", "dichromat", "digest", "dplyr", 
  "evaluate", 
  "forcats", 
  "ggplot2", "ggrepel", "glue", "gtable", 
  "haven", "highr", "hms", "htmltools", "httr", 
  "jsonlite", 
  "knitr", 
  "labeling", "lazyeval", "lubridate", 
  "magrittr", "markdown", "microbenchmark", "mime", "mnormt", "modelr", "munsell", 
  "NHANES",
  "openssl", 
  "pillar", "pkgconfig", "plogr", "plyr", "psych", "purr", 
  "R6", "RColorBrewer", "Rcpp", "readr", "readxl", 
  "rematch", "reprex", "reshape2", "rlang", "rmarkdown", 
  "rprojroot", "rstudioapi", "rvest", 
  "scales", "selectr", "socviz", "stringi", "stringr", 
  "tibble", "tidyr", "tidyselect", "tidyverse", 
  "utf8", 
  "viridisLite", 
  "whisker", 
  "xml2", "xtable",
  "yaml"
)
install.packages(unique(pkgs))

编译本教程所用的R软件环境：

devtools::session_info()

## ─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
##  setting  value
##  version  R version 4.2.1 (2022-06-23 ucrt)
##  os       Windows 10 x64 (build 19045)
##  system   x86_64, mingw32
##  ui       RTerm
##  language (EN)
##  collate  Chinese (Simplified)_China.utf8
##  ctype    Chinese (Simplified)_China.utf8
##  tz       Asia/Taipei
##  date     2023-07-27
##  pandoc   3.1.1 @ D:/RStudio/resources/app/bin/quarto/bin/tools/ (via rmarkdown)
## 
## ─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
##  package     * version    date (UTC) lib source
##  bookdown      0.34       2023-05-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.3)
##  bslib         0.4.0      2022-07-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  cachem        1.0.6      2021-08-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  callr         3.7.2      2022-08-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  cli           3.4.1      2022-09-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.2)
##  crayon        1.5.1      2022-03-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  devtools      2.4.4      2022-07-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  digest        0.6.29     2021-12-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  ellipsis      0.3.2      2021-04-29 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  evaluate      0.16       2022-08-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  fastmap       1.1.0      2021-01-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  fs            1.5.2      2021-12-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  glue          1.6.2      2022-02-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  htmltools     0.5.3      2022-07-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  htmlwidgets   1.5.4      2021-09-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  httpuv        1.6.5      2022-01-05 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  jquerylib     0.1.4      2021-04-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  jsonlite      1.8.0      2022-02-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  knitr         1.43       2023-05-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.3)
##  later         1.3.0      2021-08-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  lifecycle     1.0.3      2022-10-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.2)
##  magrittr      2.0.3      2022-03-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  memoise       2.0.1      2021-11-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  mime          0.12       2021-09-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
##  miniUI        0.1.1.1    2018-05-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  pkgbuild      1.3.1      2021-12-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  pkgload       1.3.0      2022-06-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  prettyunits   1.1.1      2020-01-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  processx      3.7.0      2022-07-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  profvis       0.3.7      2020-11-02 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  promises      1.2.0.1    2021-02-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  ps            1.7.1      2022-06-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  purrr         1.0.1      2023-01-10 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.3)
##  R6            2.5.1      2021-08-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  Rcpp          1.0.9      2022-07-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  remotes       2.4.2      2021-11-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  rlang         1.1.1      2023-04-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.3)
##  rmarkdown     2.23       2023-07-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.3)
##  rstudioapi    0.14       2022-08-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  sass          0.4.2      2022-07-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  sessioninfo   1.2.2      2021-12-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  shiny         1.7.2      2022-07-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  stringi       1.7.8      2022-07-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  stringr       1.5.0.9000 2022-12-04 [1] Github (tidyverse/stringr@2d2f81b)
##  urlchecker    1.0.1      2021-11-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  usethis       2.1.6      2022-05-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  vctrs         0.6.2      2023-04-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.3)
##  xfun          0.39       2023-04-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.3)
##  xtable        1.8-4      2019-04-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.1)
##  yaml          2.3.5      2022-02-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
## 
##  [1] D:/R/R-4.2.1/library
## 
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

R语言教程

R语言教程

前言